Located
on the eastern seaboard in the heavily populated Middle Atlantic States,
New Jersey is at the heart of the megalopolis lying between New York
City and Philadelphia. It is bordered on the east by the Atlantic Ocean
and Hudson River, to the southwest by Delaware Bay, on the north by
New York, and separated from Delaware and Pennsylvania on the west by
the Delaware River. New Jersey is known as The Garden State because
of its abundant truck farms, orchards, and flower gardens. Its name
comes from the isle of Jersey in the English Channel, the birthplace
of Sir George Carteret who became a co-owner of the New Jersey colony
in 1664. The state capital is Trenton. New Jersey's estimated population
exceeds 8 million and includes the highest concentration of city residents
of any state in the nation, mostly in the highly populated northeast
section. Among its noteworthy firsts are the magnetic telegraph developed
by Samuel B. Morse and Alfred Kail in the 1830s, the first steam locomotive
built in 1825 at Hoboken, the first state Indian reservation in the
U.S. established in 1758 at Spring Mills, and the first game of organized
baseball played in 1846. In late 1800s and early 1900s Thomas A. Edison
invented the electric light bulb, motion picture camera, and phonograph
at his New Jersey laboratories.
New Jersey
has four main land regions. The Appalachian Ridge and Valley Region
is formed by the wooded Kittatinny Mountains and the Appalachian Valley
along the state's northwest border. The New England Upland, flat-topped
ridges of hard rock, runs from New England to southeast New Jersey,
and summer resort lakes nestle among the ridges. The Piedmont extends
across New Jersey in a 20-mile-wide belt which covers about a fifth
of the state and three-fourths of the people; it includes the state's
principal cities and manufacturing centers. The Atlantic Coastal Plain,
gently rolling lowland, makes up three-fifths of the state's land area,
includes salt marshes and meadows along the coast and offshore islands;
pine forests, known as the Pine Barrens, cover more than half the region.
The state has a 130-mile coastline along the Atlantic, dotted with such
popular resorts as Sandy Hook, Long Beach, Atlantic City, Ocean City,
Wildwood, and Cape May. The state has hundreds of natural and man-made
lakes, and its major rivers are the Hudson, the Delaware, and the Raritan,
the longest. Principal cities are Trenton, Newark, Camden, Jersey City,
Edison, Paterson, Elizabeth, Atlantic City, and Vineland. The bays and
streams offer an abundance of bass, blue fish, salmon, flounder, crappies,
trout, and weakfish, and the offshore canyons are home to giant game
fish.
New Jersey
is a leading industrial state and key supplier of produce and poultry
for New York, Philadelphia, and other large Eastern cities. Its largest
industry is tourism, attracting millions of visitors each years to its
casinos and ocean beaches. New Jersey leads the nation in chemical production,
including pharmaceuticals, and ranks high in production of machinery,
metals, textiles, electronics, and processed foods. It has the richest
agricultural economy in the nation. Also important to the state economy
are aerospace, commercial fishing, and shipyards. The region is served
by major highway and rail systems, the Cape May-Lewes Ferry across the
mouth of Delaware Bay, the Atlantic City and Newark Airports and the
nearby airports in New York and Philadelphia, the Atlantic Intracoastal
Waterway, and the port facilities at Newark and along the Hudson and
Delaware rivers, plus the international ports of New York and Philadelphia.
Points of
interest are the New Jersey Museum, Montclair Art Museum, Newark Museum,
Wheaton Glass Museum, and New Jersey Historical Society Museum. Other
attractions are the Atlantic City casinos, Barnegat Lighthouse, Cape
May and its celebrated Victorian architecture, Revolutionary War battlefields,
James Fenimore Cooper birthplace, Walt Whitman House, Molly Pitcher's
Well, Princeton University (fourth oldest in the U.S.), Edison Home
National Historic Site, Palisades Interstate Park, Memorial commemorating
George Washington's crossing of the Delaware in 1776, wildlife sanctuaries,
Liberty State Park with its view of the Statue of Liberty. Of cultural
interest are the South Jersey Performing Arts Center, the New Jersey
Symphony Orchestra, McCarter Theatre in Princeton, and Garden State
Arts Center. Popular annual events are the Miss America Pageant in September,
the Classical Music Festival in the spring, the International Jazz Festival
in the fall, and the American Indian Arts Festival around Memorial Day.
Professional sports include the NBA New Jersey Nets, NHL New Jersey
Devils, and the Meadowland Sports Complex, home to the NFL New York
Giants and New York Jets.
The New Jersey
site was occupied by Delaware Indians, the Leni-Lanape, when Giovanni
de Verrazano, an Italian sea captain in the service of France, arrived
in 1524. Henry Hudson anchored his ship, the Half Moon, in Sandy Hook
Bay in 1609. The Dutch explored and named Cape May in 1614. Dutch and
Swedish settlers colonized the region until England captured New Jersey
in 1664. Many battles were fought on state soil during the Revolutionary
War. New Jersey ratified the U.S. Constitution on December 18, 1787,
becoming the third state to enter the Union.
These
United States
- Resources and Related Information for New Jersey.
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